Action research is a type of research in which people study a real practice while they are also trying to improve it. It is often used by teachers, health workers, community researchers, librarians, social workers, and other practitioners who want to understand a problem in their own setting, try a planned change, collect evidence, and […]
Action Research: Definition, Cycle, and Examples Read More »
Applied research is research designed to answer a practical question, improve a real situation, or help solve a defined problem. It uses systematic methods, just like other forms of academic research, but its starting point is usually a problem found in practice: a teaching method that needs testing, a health intervention that needs evidence, a
Applied Research: Definition, Steps, Examples Read More »
Basic research is research carried out to develop knowledge, explain concepts, test theory, or understand how something works at a deeper level. Its first aim is not to solve one immediate practical problem, although later studies may use its findings in schools, clinics, laboratories, public institutions, or other settings. This article explains what basic research
Basic Research Explained Read More »
Types of research are the different ways researchers organise a study according to its purpose, objective, methodology, source of knowledge, research design, and timeframe. A study may be basic or applied, exploratory or explanatory, qualitative or quantitative, empirical or theoretical, experimental or non-experimental, cross-sectional or longitudinal. These labels help readers understand what kind of question
Types of Research Explained and Compared Read More »
Mann-Whitney U test is a rank-based statistical test used to compare two independent groups when the outcome is ordinal, not normally distributed, or better analysed through ranks than through raw means. It is often introduced as a nonparametric alternative to the independent-samples t-test, although that comparison should be handled carefully because the two tests do
Mann-Whitney U test: Assumptions, Use & Interpretation Read More »
Correlation tests are statistical tests used to examine whether two variables are associated in a population, based on the pattern observed in sample data. They are often used after a researcher has collected paired observations and wants to know whether the relationship seen in a scatterplot, table, or set of ranks is strong enough to
Correlation Tests Explained: Types, Interpretation, and Examples Read More »
Regression tests are statistical tests used to examine whether a regression model shows a meaningful relationship between an outcome variable and one or more predictor variables. In research, they help answer questions such as whether a predictor has a non-zero coefficient, whether several predictors improve a model, whether the model fits the data well enough,
Regression Tests: Assumptions, Use and Interpretation Read More »
Chi-square test is a statistical test used to analyse categorical data. It helps researchers compare observed counts with expected counts, either to see whether one categorical variable follows an expected pattern or to examine whether two categorical variables are associated. This article explains what the chi-square test is, how the chi-square statistic is calculated, which
Chi-Square Test: Definition, Interpretation, and Examples Read More »
ANOVA, short for analysis of variance, is a statistical test used to compare mean values across groups. It is most often used when a researcher has one numerical outcome, such as a test score, reaction time, income value, plant height, or scale score, and wants to know whether the average outcome differs across three or
ANOVA: Definition, Assumptions, Examples & Interpretation Read More »
Statistical tests are procedures used in statistical analysis to examine whether patterns in sample data are strong enough to support a research claim. A study may find that one class has a higher average score than another, that two survey answers seem connected, or that a new teaching approach is followed by better results. A
Statistical Tests: Types, Uses, and How to Choose Read More »
